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Because they are not permanently installed, this option is not compliant with energy codes, though it may be suitable for applications where the code does not apply.Īutomatic receptacles: Receptacles controlled by time schedule, occupancy sensor, or automatic signal from another building system. Plug-in power strips: Plug-in power strips controlled by occupancy sensors, smart phones, or other method. Image courtesy of Eaton.The main technology options are: Consult the applicable code for specifics. California’s Title 24 has similar requirements. Starting with 90.1-2013, controlled receptacles must be permanently marked to differentiate them from uncontrolled receptacles. Compliance options include scheduling (with local override), occupancy sensing (with 20-minute time delay), or automatic signal from another system such as an alarm system (with 20-minute time delay). For example, the lights could be scheduled ON during operating hours, after which occupancy sensor-based control would take priority.Ĭommercial building energy codes based on the 2010 or later version of the ASHRAE/IES 90.1 energy standard require at least 50% of all 125V, 15A or 20A receptacles be automatically controlled in a list of spaces such as private offices and conference rooms. Occupancy sensing: Occupancy sensing offers higher potential for energy savings and less potential for disruption by being directly responsive to occupants, particularly in applications where occupancy is unpredictable and variable throughout the day.ĭepending on the type of lighting control system, these strategies could be blended to minimize the potential for disruption to occupants. Scheduling: Scheduling is relatively simple and well suited to applications with predictable occupancy. A third option is a signal from another system. Similar to general lighting control, the main strategies are scheduling, which is based on vacancy that is predicted, and occupancy sensing, based on vacancy that is detected. According to manufacturers, implementing an automatic shutoff strategy to plug loads can generate 15-50% energy savings.Ĭontrolling plug loads is a natural fit for the lighting controls industry, as the same devices and strategies are used for automatic shutoff of plug loads such as task lighting as for general lighting. They are the fastest-growing load types in buildings, in some cases exceeding the lighting load.īecause these devices often remain ON when they are not being used, they are a good target for an automatic shutoff strategy to save energy in both new and existing construction. Department of Energy, plug and process loads account for one-third of commercial building energy consumption.
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Examples include computers, printers, copiers, space heaters, water coolers, task lights, coffeemakers, microwaves, televisions, and vending machines. Looking for more technical guidance? Try ASHRAE Technology Portal.Plug loads are common in many buildings, especially office buildings, where use is intensive. It includes measurements and calculations in both I-P and SI units, sample calculations, application examples, forms to demonstrate compliance, and references to helpful resources and websites. The 90.1 User's Manual provides detailed instruction for design of commercial and high-rise residential buildings to ensure compliance with ANSI/ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1-2016. It is an indispensable reference for engineers and other professionals involved in design of buildings and building systems. This standard offers detailed minimum energy efficiency requirements for design and construction of new buildings and their systems, new portions of buildings and their systems, and new systems and equipment in existing buildings, as well as criteria for determining compliance with these requirements. It provides the minimum requirements for energy-efficient design of most buildings, except low-rise residential buildings. Standard 90.1 is used globally as a benchmark to set MEPS (minimum energy performance standards) and energy codes.